前面的程序都是运行在终端，现代程序都有漂亮的人机界面-GUI 图形用户界面，这里我们尝试用图形库改写前面的例子，这里选秀用Tkiner，比较简单，好上手
这个界面只是显示默认图书列表，让用户可以选择借阅或者归还，没有用户登录界面，后面继续补上
'''
ver9.py: 使用GUI，tkinter
'''
import json
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox, simpledialog
class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author):
self.title = title
self.author = author
self.is_checked_out = False
def display_info(self):
status = "已借出" if self.is_checked_out else "可借阅"
return f"《{self.title}》 - 作者: {self.author} - 状态: {status}"
def check_out(self):
self.is_checked_out = True
def check_in(self):
self.is_checked_out = False
class User:
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.borrowed_books = []
def borrow_book(self, book):
if not book.is_checked_out:
book.check_out()
self.borrowed_books.append(book)
return f"借阅成功：《{book.title}》"
else:
return "抱歉，这本书已经被借出了。"
def return_book(self, book):
if book in self.borrowed_books:
book.check_in()
self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
return f"归还成功：《{book.title}》"
else:
return "这本书没有被这位用户借阅。"
class LibraryApp:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("图书馆管理系统")
self.library = Library()
# 创建 GUI 元素
self.label = tk.Label(root, text="欢迎使用图书馆管理系统", font=("Helvetica", 16))
self.label.pack(pady=10)
self.listbox = tk.Listbox(root, selectmode=tk.SINGLE, font=("Helvetica", 12), height=10, width=50)
self.listbox.pack(pady=10)
self.refresh_books_list()
self.borrow_button = tk.Button(root, text="借阅图书", command=self.borrow_book)
self.borrow_button.pack(pady=5)
self.return_button = tk.Button(root, text="归还图书", command=self.return_book)
self.return_button.pack(pady=5)
self.add_book_button = tk.Button(root, text="添加图书", command=self.add_book)
self.add_book_button.pack(pady=5)
def refresh_books_list(self):
self.listbox.delete(0, tk.END)
for book in self.library.books:
self.listbox.insert(tk.END, book.display_info())
def borrow_book(self):
selected_index = self.listbox.curselection()
if selected_index:
selected_book = self.library.books[selected_index[0]]
message = self.library.current_user.borrow_book(selected_book)
messagebox.showinfo("借阅图书", message)
self.refresh_books_list()
else:
messagebox.showwarning("借阅图书", "请选择要借阅的图书。")
def return_book(self):
selected_index = self.listbox.curselection()
if selected_index:
selected_book = self.library.books[selected_index[0]]
message = self.library.current_user.return_book(selected_book)
messagebox.showinfo("归还图书", message)
self.refresh_books_list()
else:
messagebox.showwarning("归还图书", "请选择要归还的图书。")
def add_book(self):
title = simpledialog.askstring("添加图书", "请输入书名:")
author = simpledialog.askstring("添加图书", "请输入作者:")
if title and author:
new_book = Book(title, author)
self.library.books.append(new_book)
messagebox.showinfo("添加图书", f"《{title}》已成功添加到图书馆。")
self.refresh_books_list()
class Library:
def __init__(self):
self.books = []
self.users = []
self.current_user = User("Guest", "")
# 从文件加载图书信息
self.load_books_from_file()
# 从文件加载用户信息
self.load_users_from_file()
def load_books_from_file(self):
try:
with open("books.json", "r") as file:
books_data = json.load(file)
for book_data in books_data:
book = Book(book_data["title"], book_data["author"])
book.is_checked_out = book_data["is_checked_out"]
self.books.append(book)
except FileNotFoundError:
# 文件不存在，可能是第一次运行程序
pass
def load_users_from_file(self):
try:
with open("users.json", "r") as file:
users_data = json.load(file)
for user_data in users_data:
user = User(user_data["username"], user_data["password"])
user.borrowed_books = [Book(book_data["title"], book_data["author"]) for book_data in user_data["borrowed_books"]]
self.users.append(user)
except FileNotFoundError:
# 文件不存在，可能是第一次运行程序
pass
def save_books_to_file(self):
with open("books.json", "w") as file:
books_data = []
for book in self.books:
book_data = {
"title": book.title,
"author": book.author,
"is_checked_out": book.is_checked_out,
}
books_data.append(book_data)
json.dump(books_data, file, indent=2)
def save_users_to_file(self):
with open("users.json", "w") as file:
users_data = []
for user in self.users:
user_data = {
"username": user.username,
"password": user.password,
"borrowed_books": [{"title": book.title, "author": book.author} for book in user.borrowed_books],
}
users_data.append(user_data)
json.dump(users_data, file, indent=2)
# 创建根窗口并运行程序
root = tk.Tk()
app = LibraryApp(root)
root.mainloop()
